Introduction
More than 70% of urban population in India is dependent on onsite sanitation systems (OSS), which need regular desludging. Due to lack of any awareness, motivation, regulation, infrastructure and governance, faecal sludge and septage (FSS), desludged from OSS, is disposed of anywhere in open space, open drain or even in water bodies, causing severe problems of environmental pollution, ground water contamination and adverse impacts on the health of local communities. Hence, effective management of FSS from OSS like septic tanks and pit latrines has been well recognized by the concerned ministries of Government of India
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