Faecal Sludge Management in Jhansi

The historic city of Jhansi was selected as one of the smart cities in 2015, by Government of India. As the city lies on the plateau of Central India, it is dominated by rocky relief, hence laying of underground sewerage network was a challenge. Thus, nearly 80% of the population is dependent on onsite sanitation systems, whereas rest of the 20% households directly discharge their excreta into environment (no containment).